The request to revise degrees and course descriptions in Department of Biological Sciences

Date: March 24, 2014
To: College of Liberal Arts & Sciences
From: Office of Academic Affairs
Approved On: March 20, 2014
Approved by: Undergraduate Course and Curriculum Committee
Implementation Date: Summer 2014

Note: Deletions are strikethroughs. Insertions are underlined.

Catalog Copy

Department of

Biology Biological Sciences

http://biology.uncc.edu

The biological sciences are important in many areas of human endeavor encompassing wide-ranging career opportunities in human, dental and veterinary medicine, and allied health professions, education, environment, research, and industry.

Degree Programs

The Department of Biology Biological Sciences offers undergraduate programs leading to the Bachelor of Arts degree and the Bachelor of Science degree. The B.A. degree provides a firm foundation in the basic principles of biology as background to understanding the biological world, and as preparation for many careers, such as secondary education, and medical/pharmaceutical sales; while the B.S. degree provides opportunity for advanced studies in academic or professional programs. The Minor in Biotechnology program is an interdisciplinary program housed within the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences and is designed for Biology and Chemistry majors interested in careers in the biotechnology field. The Minor in Biology is offered for students who desire some experience in biology as an adjunct to their major.

Biology degree programs can be tailored to fit the individual student’s needs and interests. Through course selection, the student can emphasize many areas within biology: plant sciences, including horticulture, systematics, and plant physiology and ecology; animal sciences, which include behavior, morphology and physiology; microbial sciences, including virology and microbial physiology; cellular/molecular studies, such as genetics, development, immunology and biotechnology; and environmental sciences, including ecology and evolution. Opportunities for individualized instruction occur at every level from undergraduate research and tutorials with faculty in the Junior and Senior courses to honors research projects in the Senior year. A program in medical technology is offered in cooperation with other institutions.

Grade Requirements

Students planning are eligible to declare a major in Biology when enrolled in BIOL 2120 or BIOL 2130 must earn a C or above in BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130, BIOL 2130L, and co-enrolled in CHEM 1251, and CHEM 1251L, CHEM 1252 and CHEM 1252L before being accepted into the major. Students must also complete at least one semester and one biology course at with prior credit earned at UNC Charlotte and must have a minimum overall and BIOL GPA of 2.0. Students who plan to be Biology majors but have not completed these requirements will be classified as “pre-biology majors” (PBIO).

After twice receiving a grade below C in any of the following courses, BIOL 2120, 2130 and 2140L 2130L, a student cannot enroll in the course again and is ineligible for continuation in bachelor degree programs in Biology.

A student who has two successive semesters with a cumulative GPA in Biology of less than 2.0 is ineligible for continuation in bachelor degree programs in Biology.

Bachelor of Arts in Biology

A major in Biology leading to the B.A. degree consists of 32 semester hours of biology including:

  1. Core sequence of General Biology I (BIOL 2120), and General Biology II (BIOL 2130 + Lab) and General Biology Lab (BIOL 2140L)
  2. Four area courses: Cell Biology (BIOL 3111 + Lab), Ecology (BIOL 3144), Genetics (BIOL 3166), and an approved Physiology course selected from: Comparative Animal Physiology (BIOL 4272), Animal Physiology (BIOL 3273) or Plant Physiology (BIOL 3272) (BIOL 3273 or BIOL 3272)
  3. One three-hour evolution-oriented elective course (see department’s website for list of approved courses)
  4. Senior Seminar (BIOL 4600)

The B.A. degree requires completion of three biology labs at or above the 3000-level. Additional requirements are CHEM 1251, 1252, and 2130 or 2131, with associated labs (CHEM 2131L is the required lab for CHEM 2130), three semester hours of mathematics (MATH) (excluding MATH 1102), and three semester hours of statistics (STAT). At least 12 hours of Bbiology credits must be taken at UNC Charlotte. All Biology majors must take three hours of writing intensive (W) coursework in Biology at UNC Charlotte. Enrolling in any Biology course requires a grade of C or above in ALL prerequisites for that course.

Suggested Curriculum

For a suggested curriculum for this degree to map out a path toward completing the major, please see the Academic Plan of Study available online at http://academics.uncc.edu.

Bachelor of Arts in Biology with Option in Medical Technology

Upon satisfactory completion of training at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center School of Medical Technology, a student may receive a B.A. degree in Biology from UNC Charlotte. (It is possible to obtain a B.S. degree by careful planning with the advisor, although a B.S. degree will typically require a longer period of time than will the B.A. degree). The student must take General Biology I (BIOL 2120), General Biology II (BIOL 2130, BIOL 2130L), Cell Biology (BIOL 3111, 3111L) Genetics (BIOL 3166), Microbiology (BIOL 4250, BIOL 4250L), Immunology (BIOL 4251), Animal Physiology (BIOL 3273), Seminar (BIOL 4600), and 16 hours of chemistry (CHEM 1251, CHEM 1251L, CHEM 1252, CHEM 1252L CHEM 2131, CHEM 2131L, and chemistry elective); have a total of 26 hours of biology and a total of four laboratories in biology at UNC Charlotte; and have a 2.0 grade point average overall and in the major at the end of the Junior year. The student must have a total of 90 hours including 24 hours of biology at UNC Charlotte; the remaining 30 hours and eight hours of biology will be accepted from the School of Medical Technology. The final 30 hours counted toward the degree, and the last eight hours counted toward the major prior to entering a School of Medical Technology must be taken at UNC Charlotte. Gaining admission to the School of Medical Technology is the responsibility of the student. Additional information is available from the Department of Biology.

Suggested Curriculum

For a suggested curriculum for this degree to map out a path toward completing the major, please see the Academic Plan of Study available online at http://academics.uncc.edu.

Bachelor of Science in Biology

In addition to the 32 hours of biology required for the B.A. degree, a student working toward the B.S. degree is required to take 12 additional hours in biology for a total of 44 hours, including two additional biology laboratories for a total of five laboratories at or above the 3000-level, CHEM 2131 and 2132 with associated laboratories, PHYS 1101, 1102 and associated labs., and three additional hours of mathematics (MATH) (excluding MATH 1102). All B.S. students must take either MATH 1120 or 1241 (or equivalent calculus course) and one statistics course (STAT 1221 or equivalent). as one of their required math courses.

Suggested Curriculum for B.A. or B.S. in Biology

Following is the sequence in which required courses should be taken, even if they are not taken during the year indicated:

Freshman Year

BIOL 2120

BIOL 2130

BIOL 2140L30L

CHEM 1251 + CHEM 1251L

CHEM 1252 + CHEM 1252L

Sophomore Year

CHEM 2131 or 2130 (B.A. only) + CHEM 2131L

BIOL 3111 + BIOL 3111L

BIOL 3144

STAT 1221

CHEM 2132 + CHEM 2132L (for B.S.)

Junior Year

BIOL 3166

Physiology course (BIOL 4272, BIOL 3272 or BIOL 3273)

Advanced electives of any number at the 3000 or 4000 level

Senior Year

BIOL 4600

Advanced electives of any number at the 3000 or 4000 level

B.S. students have the option of designing their course of study to emphasize one subspecialty within the Biological Sciences. They may choose to track in one of three options: Cell Biology/Physiology, Ecology/Environmental Biology or Microbiology (described below). Planning for one of the options should be done in consultation with an academic advisor.

See the Department of Biology Biological Sciences website for a more detailed schedule for the four-year program leading to the B.A. or B.S., including schedules for each of the options.

Suggested Curriculum

For a suggested curriculum for this degree to map out a path toward completing the major, please see the Academic Plan of Study available online at http://academics.uncc.edu.

Bachelor of Science in Biology with Option in Cell Biology/ Physiology

The B.S. in Biology with an option in Cell Biology/Physiology consists of 44 hours including all required courses for a B.S. degree in Biology plus These include the core biology courses, General Biology I (BIOL 2120), and General Biology II (BIOL 2130), and General Biology Lab (BIOL 2140L30L); the four area courses, Cell Biology and lab (BIOL 3111 + BIOL 3111L), Ecology (BIOL 3144), Genetics (BIOL 3166), and Plant Physiology (BIOL 3272) or Animal Physiology (BIOL 3272 or BIOL 3273) or Comparative Animal Physiology (BIOL 4272); and Senior Seminar (BIOL 4600). In addition, a p an approved Physiology lab (BIOL 3272L or BIOL 3273L) must also be taken. Three additional laboratories from among the area courses or track electives must also be taken to complete the requirements of the B.S. The track also requires that students choose one course from each of the following topics areas: (1) Subcellular, (2) Structure and Function, and (3) Advanced Physiology. Consult the Department of Biology website for a current list of approved courses in these areas. In addition to these requirements, a minimum of nine additional credit hours should be chosen, in consultation with an advisor from appropriate electives depending upon the student’s interests. Students are encouraged to take Undergraduate Research (BIOL 3900) or Honors in Biology (BIOL 4700, BIOL 4701) under the direction of one of the Cell Biology or Physiology faculty. Students are responsible for completing all of the chemistry, math, and physics courses required for a B.S. in Biology. A major in Biology leading to a B.S. degree with an option in cell biology/physiology includes the following coursework:

  • Core sequence of General Biology I (BIOL 2120) and General Biology II (BIOL 2130) and General Biology Lab (BIOL 2140L)
  • Four area courses: Cell Biology and lab (BIOL 3111 and BIOL 3111L), Ecology (BIOL 3144), Genetics (BIOL 3166), and Physiology with lab (BIOL 3272 and 3272L, or BIOL 3273 and 3273L, or BIOL 4273 and 3273L
  • One three-hour evolution-oriented elective course (see department’s website for list of approved courses)
  • Senior Seminar (BIOL 4600)
  • Subcellular elective course: Select one from Cell Physiology (BIOL 4171), Molecular Biology (BIOL 4199) or Principles of Biochemistry (CHEM 4165)
  • Structure and function elective course: Select one from Microbiology (BIOL 4250) or Drugs: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms (BIOL 4265) or Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (BIOL 4293)
  • Advanced physiology elective course: Select one from, Immunology (BIOL 4251), Microbial Physiology and Metabolism (BIOL 4257), Cardiovascular Physiology (BIOL 4276), Endocrinology (BIOL 4277), or Neurobiology (BIOL 4279)
  • Additional electives selected in consultation with an academic advisor

General:

This course program should be planned in consultation with one of the Cell Biology/Physiology faculty advisors.

Core Courses (32 hours)

BIOL 2120 General Biology I (3)

BIOL 2130 , 2130L General Biology II and Lab (35)

BIOL 2140L General Biology Lab (2)

BIOL 3111, 3111L Cell Biology & Lab (4)

BIOL 3144 Ecology (3)

BIOL 3166 Genetics (3)

BIOL 3272, 3272L Plant Physiology and Lab (4) OR

BIOL 3273 Animal Physiology or BIOL 4273 Comparative Animal Physiology, and BIOL 3273L Animal Physiol.andLab (4)

BIOL 4600 Senior Seminar (1)

Subcellular topic (3)

Structure and Function (3)

Advanced Physiology (3)

Subcellular Courses

BIOL 4000 Advanced Cell Biology

BIOL 4000 Biotechnology at the Workbench

BIOL 4000 DNA Profiling

BIOL 4171 Cell Physiology

BIOL 4199 Molecular Biology

CHEM 4165 Principles of Biochemistry

Structure and Function Courses

BIOL 4250 Microbiology

BIOL 4293 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

Advanced Physiology Courses

BIOL 4000 Cardiovascular Physiology

BIOL 4251 Immunology

BIOL 4257 Microbial Physiology and Metabolism

BIOL 4277 Endocrinology

BIOL 4279 Neurobiology

Suggested Curriculum

For a suggested curriculum for this degree to map out a path toward completing the major, please see the Academic Plan of Study available online at http://academics.uncc.edu.

Bachelor of Science in Biology with Option in Ecology/ Environmental Biology

A B.S. degree in Biology with an option in Ecology/Environmental Biology consists of 44 hours of biology including all required courses for a B.S. degree in Biology plus Ecology Laboratory (BIOL 3144L), and Biometry (BIOL 4121), and Environmental Problems (BIOL 4000). Each student must take at least four courses in one of the following sub-areas of environmental biology. Students are also recommended to take ESCI 1101 and Undergraduate Research (BIOL 3900) or Honors Research (BIOL4700, 4701) under the direction of one of the environmental biology faculty. Students are responsible for all chemistry, mathematics, and physics requirements for a B.S. in Biology. A major in Biology leading to a B.S. degree with an option in ecology/environmental biology includes the following coursework:

  • Core sequence of General Biology I (BIOL 2120) and General Biology II (BIOL 2130) and General Biology Lab
  • Four area courses: Cell Biology and lab (BIOL 3111 and BIOL 3111L), Ecology (BIOL 3144), Genetics (BIOL 3166), and Physiology with lab (BIOL 3272 and 3272L, or BIOL 3273 and 3273L, or BIOL 4273 and 3273L)
  • One three-hour evolution-oriented elective course (see department’s website for list of approved courses)
  • Senior Seminar (BIOL 4600)
  • Biometry (BIOL 4121)
  • Ecology/Environmental Biology electives (select one sub-area and complete four courses in that area from the list below)
    • Plant ecology: Horticulture (BIOL 3202), Field Botany (BIOL 3229), Field Entomology (BIOL 3234), Evolution (BIOL 4111), Advanced Ecology (BIOL 4144), Dendrology (BIOL 4229), Microbiology (BIOL 4250), Soil Science (ESCI 4210)
    • Animal ecology: Invertebrate Zoology (BIOL 3231), Vertebrate Zoology (BIOL 3233) or Mammalogy (BIOL 4235), Field Entomology (BIOL 3234), Evolution (BIOL 4111), Advanced Ecology (BIOL 4144), Wildlife Biology (BIOL 4234), Animal Behavior (BIOL 4243), Microbiology (BIOL 4250)
    • Environmental assessment: Field Botany (BIOL 3229), Environmental Biotechnology (BIOL 4000), Advanced Ecology (BIOL 4144), Dendrology (BIOL 4229), Wildlife Biology (BIOL 4234), Microbiology (BIOL 4250), Soil Science (ESCI 4210), Hydrological Processes (ESCI 4140) or Fluvial Processes (ESCI 4155)
      or Environmental Toxicology (BIOL 4274)
    • Aquatic ecology: Invertebrate Zoology (BIOL 3231), Marine Biology (BIOL 4245), Environmental Toxicology (BIOL 4274), Advanced Ecology (BIOL 4144), Microbiology (BIOL 4250), Quantitative Analysis (CHEM 3111), Hydrological Processes (ESCI 4140) or Fluvial Processes (ESCI 4155)

Plant Ecology

BIOL 3202 Horticulture

BIOL 3229 Field Botany

BIOL 3234 Field Entomology

BIOL 4111 Evolution

BIOL 4144 Advanced Ecology

BIOL 4229 Dendrology

BIOL 4250 Microbiology

ESCI 4210 Soil Science

Animal Ecology

BIOL 3231 Invertebrate Zoology

BIOL 3233 Vertebrate Zoology
or BIOL 4235 Mammalogy

BIOL 3234 Field Entomology

BIOL 4111 Evolution

BIOL 4144 Advanced Ecology

BIOL 4234 Wildlife Biology

BIOL 4243 Animal Behavior

BIOL 4250 Microbiology

Environmental Assessment

BIOL 3229 Field Botany

BIOL 4000 Environmental Biotechnology

BIOL 4144 Advanced Ecology

BIOL 4229 Dendrology

BIOL 4234 Wildlife Biology

BIOL 4250 Microbiology

ESCI 4210 Soil Science

ESCI 4140 Hydrological Processes
or ESCI 4155 Fluvial Processes
or BIOL 4274000 Ecotoxicology Environmental Toxicology

Aquatic Ecology

BIOL 3231 Invertebrate Zoology

BIOL 4274000 Ecotoxicology Environmental Toxicology

BIOL 4144 Advanced Ecology

BIOL 4245 Marine Biology

BIOL 4250 Microbiology

CHEM 3111 Quantitative Analysis

ESCI 4140 Hydrological Processes
or ESCI 4155 Fluvial Processes

General

This course program should be planned arranged in consultation with one of the Ecology/Environmental Biology Faculty.

Suggested Curriculum

For a suggested curriculum for this degree to map out a path toward completing the major, please see the Academic Plan of Study available online at http://academics.uncc.edu.

Bachelor of Science with Option in Microbiology

A major in Biology leading to a B.S. degree with an option in Microbiology consists of 44 hours of biology including all of the required courses for a BS degree in Biology and Microbiology-specific coursework:

  • Core sequence of General Biology I (BIOL 2120) and General Biology II (BIOL 2130 and BIOL 2130L) and General Biology Lab (BIOL 2140L)
  • Four area courses: Cell Biology and lab (BIOL 3111 and BIOL 3111L), Ecology (BIOL 3144), Genetics (BIOL 3166), and Plant or Animal Physiology (BIOL 3272, BIOL 3272L or BIOL 3273, BIOL 3273L) Physiology with lab (BIOL 3272 and 3272L, or BIOL 3273 and 3273L, or BIOL 4273 and 3273L)
  • One three-hour evolution-oriented elective course (see department’s website for list of approved courses)
  • Senior Seminar (BIOL 4600)
  • Core of microbiology courses: Microbiology (BIOL 4250, BIOL 4250L), Microbial Physiology and Metabolism (BIOL 4257), Immunology (BIOL 4251), Pathogenic Bacteriology (BIOL 4256), and either Bacterial Genetics (BIOL 4255) or Molecular Biology (BIOL 4199)
  • Six credit hours from the following list of electives (at least one of which must include a laboratory): Virology (BIOL 4259), Parasitology (BIOL 4233), Epidemics and Plagues, (BIOL 4258), Advanced Immunology (BIOL 4291), Bacterial Genetics (BIOL 4255) or Molecular Biology (BIOL 4199) if not taken as part of the “core”, Recombinant DNA Techniques (BIOL 4168), Honors Research (Microbiology) (BIOL 4700, BIOL 4701), and Undergraduate Research (Microbiology) (BIOL 3900)
  • CHEM 2132 with associated lab, PHYS 1101, PHYS 1102 and associated labs, and nine hours of mathematics including STAT 1221

Suggested Curriculum

For a suggested curriculum for this degree to map out a path toward completing the major, please see the Academic Plan of Study available online at http://academics.uncc.edu.

Minor In Biology

A Minor in Biology requires 18 hours, including the BIOL 2120 and BIOL 2130 sequence or the BIOL 1110 and BIOL 1115 sequence and associated labs (only one of these sequences is allowed), other courses at the 1000 or 2000 level are acceptable; a total of three laboratory courses; at least one three-hour BIOL course (not necessarily with lab) at or above the 3000-level; and a GPA of at least 2.0 in the minor. Students are responsible for meeting all Biology course prerequisites and corequisites. At least six hours of BIOL courses must be taken at UNC Charlotte.

Minor In Biotechnology

The Minor in Biotechnology program is an interdisciplinary program housed within the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences and is designed for Biology and Chemistry majors interested in careers in the biotechnology field. To obtain a Minor in Biotechnology, students will complete a series of required and optional interdisciplinary courses offered in the Departments of Biology, and Chemistry and Bioinformatics as well as complete a biotechnology-based internship in a regional government, industry, or academic laboratory. Students will have some flexibility to choose courses that reflect their specific area of emphasis within the biotechnology field.

Students must have at least an overall GPA of 3.0 and a 3.0 GPA in their major to participate in the program. The number of participating students will be determined by the number of available internship positions. Students will declare their intention to obtain this Minor by meeting with the Biotechnology Minor Program Head, typically at the beginning of their Junior year. A maximum of nine credit hours applied towards a major degree program can also be applied towards the Minor in Biotechnology.

Teacher Education

The Department; in collaboration with the Department of Middle, Secondary, and K-12 Education; offers a program of biology and professional education courses to prepare students for 9-12 teacher licensure in North Carolina. Students interested in biology education should declare this interest during the first semester of the Sophomore year to obtain appropriate advising and prepare for formal admission to a teacher education program. Students should contact the secondary education advisor for teacher education within the Department, as well as the Office of Student Academic Services in the College of Education for information about the requirements for admission to teacher education, coursework, and the culminating student teaching experience. Additional information about teacher education may be found in the College of Education section of this Catalog.

Honors Program in Biology

The Honors Program is a research program for students majoring in Biology. Students interested in this program and who meet the admissions requirements should contact the Honors Coordinator in the Department of Biology.

Admission

Students are invited to participate in the program during their Junior year by the Department Honors Committee. To qualify, a student must have completed 60 semester hours, including at least 15 hours at UNC Charlotte. At least 36 of the completed hours must be in science and mathematics. Students must have a 3.24 overall GPA and a 3.4 GPA in Biology courses to apply to the program. An Honors advisor and a supervisory committee are appointed for each student.

Required Courses

To graduate with Honors, a student must complete BIOL 4601 (Honors Seminar), BIOL 4700 (Honors Research I) and BIOL 4701 (Honors Research II) with an A Average a grade of B or above in each of the three courses.

Certification Requirements

A cumulative GPA of 3.2 and a GPA of 3.4 or above in biology courses must be maintained. An Honors thesis is required and the student must present the results of their project in an appropriate forum.

Cooperative Education Program

Students majoring in Biology may obtain practical work experience while pursuing their degrees. The Cooperative Education Program allows qualified students either to alternate semesters of academic study with semesters of full-time work experience or to combine part-time academic study and part-time work during the same semester. Students who are in good standing with the University, have a minimum overall GPA of 2.5, and have completed 30 credit hours are eligible to apply. Transfer students are required to complete 12 credit hours at the University prior to application. The work experience is arranged by the University Career Center and must be approved by the Department of Biology. Placements are based on a student’s academic interests and on the availability of appropriate positions and are carried out under the supervision of a Biology faculty member who serves as co-op advisor. Work semesters are followed by participation in the Biology Cooperative Education Seminar.

Biology (BIOL)

BIOL 1110. Principles of Biology I. (3) Introduction to biology for non-majors. Fundamental principles of life with a human emphasis. Not accepted toward the major in Biology. (Fall, Spring Summer)

BIOL 1110L. Principles of Biology I Laboratory. (1) Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 1110. One laboratory period of three hours a week. Not accepted toward the major in Biology. (Fall, Spring Summer)

BIOL 1115. Principles of Biology II. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 1110 with a grade of C or above or permission of instructor. Continuation of BIOL 1110 for non-majors. Fundamental principles of life with a human emphasis. (Spring)

BIOL 2000. Special Topics in Biology. (1-4) Prerequisite: varies by course offered. Special introductory topics for biology majors and minors. May be repeated for credit with change of topic. Lecture hours and laboratory hours will vary with the courses taught. (On demand)

BIOL 2120. General Biology I. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2130 with a grade of C or above or BIOL 1110 with a grade of B or above, or placement by the department. Origin and early evolution of life, basic principles of chemistry, cell biology, and genetics. Three lecture periods per week. May not be attempted more than twice. (Fall, Spring, Summer)

BIOL 2130. General Biology II. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120 with a grade of C or above or BIOL 1110 with a grade of B or above or placement by the departmentBIOL 2120 with a grade of C or above. Corequisite: BIOL 2130L. Ecology, evolution, biodiversity, plant and animal structure and function. Three lecture periods per week. May not be attempted more than twice. (Spring, Summer)

BIOL 2130L 2140L. General Biology Laboratory. (2) Prerequisite: A grade of C or above in BIOL 2120 or BIOL 2130. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 2120 or BIOL 2130. Population ecology, evolution, phylogenetics, invertebrate biology, animal and plant physiology. One three-hour laboratory period and linked laboratory lecture per week. May not be attempted more than twice. (Spring)

BIOL 2259. Fundamentals of Microbiology. (3) Prerequisite: A grade of C or above in BIOL 1110 or BIOL 2120 and in CHEM 1203 or CHEM 1251. Basic physiology of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses, with emphasis on host-parasite interaction and control and epidemiology of infectious diseases. May not be attempted more than twice. Not accepted toward the major in Biology. (Fall, Spring, Summer)

BIOL 2259L. Fundamentals of Microbiology Laboratory. (1) Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 2259. One laboratory period of three hours per week. Attendance mandatory for safety training. May not be attempted more than twice. Not accepted toward the major in Biology. (Fall, Spring, Summer)

BIOL 2273. Human Anatomy and Physiology. (3) Prerequisites: a grade of C or above in BIOL 1110 or BIOL 2120 and in CHEM 1203 or CHEM 1251. Fundamentals of the anatomy and physiology of the human body. May not be attempted more than twice. Not accepted toward the major in Biology. (Fall, Summer)

BIOL 2273L. Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory. (1) Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 2273. One laboratory period of three hours a week. May not be attempted more than twice. Not accepted toward the major in Biology. (Fall, Summer)

BIOL 2274. Human Anatomy and Physiology II. (3) Prerequisite: A grade of C or above in BIOL 2273. Continuation of BIOL 2273. May not be attempted more than twice. Not accepted toward the major in Biology. (Spring, Summer)

BIOL 2274L. Human Anatomy and Physiology II Laboratory. (1) Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 2274. One laboratory period of three hours a week. May not be attempted more than twice. Not accepted toward the major in Biology. (Spring, Summer)

BIOL 3000. Special Topics in Biology. (1-4) Prerequisite: vary with course. Special topics for intermediate level majors and minors in Biology. May be repeated for credit with change of topic. Lecture hours and laboratory hours will vary with the courses taught. (On demand)

BIOL 3111. Cell Biology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130, CHEM 1252 and CHEM 1252L with a grade of C or above and 2130L. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department.. Structure and function of cells. Biomolecular structures and their interactions including membranes, proteins and nucleic acids. (Fall, Spring)

BIOL 3111L. Cell Biology Laboratory. (1) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L with a grade of C or above. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 3111. One laboratory period of three hours a week. (Fall, Spring)

BIOL 3144. Ecology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130, CHEM 1252 and CHEM 1252L with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. Pre- or corequisite: CHEM 2130 or 2131. Interrelationships of organisms and their environment. (Fall, Spring)

BIOL 3144L. Ecology Laboratory. (1) (W) Pre-requisite: BIOL 2140L with a grade of C or above. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 3144. One laboratory period of three hours a week. (Fall, Spring)

BIOL 3161. Introduction to Biotechnology. (3) An overview of basic molecular biology, techniques, and uses of biotechnology tools in environmental and biomedical fields. Three lecture hours per week. (Spring)

BIOL 3166. Genetics. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2130 with a grade of C or above and BIOL 3111, CHEM 1252 and CHEM 1252L with a grade of C or above, Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department.. Basic concepts of heredity; principles of classical, molecular, and population genetics. (Fall, Spring)

BIOL 3166L. Genetics Laboratory. (1) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L and BIOL 3111L with a grade of C or above. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 3166. One laboratory period of three hours a week. (Spring)

BIOL 3202. Horticulture. (3) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120 and BIOL 2130 with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. Principles of horticulture, greenhouse management, environmental factors, production, and maintenance of cultivars, and landscaping. (Every other fall On demand)

BIOL 3202L. Horticulture Laboratory. (1) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 3202. Greenhouse work, plant identification, and field trips. One laboratory period of three hours a week. (On demand)

BIOL 3215. Economic Botany. (3) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120 and 2130 with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. Origins of agricultural plants; history of use and misuse of plants by humans; consideration of major groups of crop, spice, medicinal, and drug plants. (SpringOn demand)

BIOL 3222. General Botany. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120 and 2130 with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. Morphology, physiology, reproduction, phylogeny, and ecology of plants. Students may not receive credit for both BIOL 1222 and BIOL 3222. (On demand)

BIOL 3222L. General Botany Laboratory. (1) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 3222. One laboratory period of three hours a week. Students may not receive credit for both BIOL 1222L and BIOL 3222L. (On demand)

BIOL 3229. Field Botany. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130, and BIOL 2140L with a grade of C or above. and permission of department. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. A field course stressing identification, classification and habitat of the vascular plants, particularly of the Piedmont, but also including the Coastal Plain and the mountains of North Carolina. Six hours a day for 109 days. (Summer)

BIOL 3231. Invertebrate Zoology. (4) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130, and BIOL 2140L with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. Taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, and life histories of selected invertebrates. Three lecture hours and one laboratory period of three hours a week. (On demand)

BIOL 3233. Vertebrate Zoology. (4) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130 and BIOL 2140L with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. Taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, and life histories of vertebrates. Three lecture hours and one laboratory period of three hours a week. (Every other fallOn demand)

BIOL 3234. Field Entomology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130 and BIOL 2140L with a grade of C or above.or permission of department. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. A field course stressing identification and ecology of insects of the Piedmont of North Carolina. Six hours a day for 10 days. (SummerOn demand)

BIOL 3235. The Biology of Insects. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120 and BIOL 2130 with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of department. The anatomy, physiology, development, behavior, ecology, and medical and economic importance of insects. (On demand)

BIOL 3236. General Zoology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120 and BIOL 2130 with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. The morphology, function, development, phylogeny, and ecology of the principal invertebrate and vertebrate types. (On demand)

BIOL 3236L. General Zoology Laboratory. (1) Pre-requisite: BIOL 2140L. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 3236. One laboratory period of three hours a week. (On demand)

BIOL 3272. Plant Physiology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130, BIOL 2140L, CHEM 1252 and CHEM 1252L with a grade of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. Pre- or corequisite: CHEM 2130 or 2131. Metabolic and physiological processes of plants and conditions, which affect or regulate these processes. (On demand)

BIOL 3273. Animal Physiology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120, BIOL 2130, BIOL 2140L, and BIOL 3111, CHEM 1252 and CHEM 1252L with grades of C or above. Restricted to BIOL majors or permission of the department. Pre- or corequisite: CHEM 2130 or 2131. Fundamental control mechanisms that operate to maintain the homeostatic state. (Fall, Spring)

BIOL 3273L. Animal Physiology Laboratory. (1) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L and BIOL 3111L. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 3273. One laboratory period of three hours a week. (Fall)

BIOL 3800. Tutorial in Biology. (1-4) Prerequisite: Permission of department, minimum overall GPA of 2.8 and Biology GPA of 3.0.. Enables biology majors to engage in directed study in their fields of interest. Maximum credit toward major: one hour for B.A.; two hours for B.S. May be repeated for credit. (Fall, Spring, Summer)

BIOL 4000. Special Topics in Biology. (1-4) Prerequisites and credit hours vary with topics. Special topics for advanced undergraduates. May be repeated for credit with change of topic. Lecture hours and laboratory hours will vary with the courses taught. (Fall, SpringOn demand)

BIOL 4111. Evolution. (3) Prerequisites: BIOL 3166 with a grade of C or above. Theories of evolution and forces which affect gene frequencies. (FallOn demand)

BIOL 4121. Biometry. (4) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L, BIOL 3166 and oOne course in statistics (STAT) with a grade of C or above. Design and analysis of experiments. Three lecture hours and one laboratory period of three hours a week. (SpringOn demand)

BIOL 4144. Advanced Ecology. (4) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L, BIOL 3144, and BIOL 3144L with a grade of C or above. Energy flow, nutrient cycles, community structure, population growth, and regulation. Three lecture hours and one laboratory period of three hours a week. (On demand)

BIOL 4162. Advanced Biotechnology I. (3) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 3111L, and BIOL 3161 or BIOL 3166 with a grade of C or above. Problem-based learning approach where students work in teams to develop solution strategies that use biotechnology to solve real-world problems. Three lecture hours per week. (FallOn demand)

BIOL 4163. Advanced Biotechnology II. (3) Prerequisites: BIOL 3161 or BIOL 3166 and 4162 with a grade of C or above and permission of instructor. Students work in teams to implement solution strategies developed in BIOL 4162 that use biotechnology to solve real-world problems. One laboratory period and two lecture hours per week. (On demand)

BIOL 4168. Recombinant DNA Techniques. (4) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 3111L, BIOL 3166 or CHEM 4165 with a grade of C or above and permission of departmentinstructor. Modern molecular biological methods (such as DNA cloning, gel electrophoresis, nucleic acid hybridization, PCR, and DNA sequencing) data analysis and interpretation. Two lecture hour and two laboratory periods of three hours a week. (On demand)

BIOL 4199. Molecular Biology. (3) Prerequisites: BIOL 3111, BIOL 3166, and CHEM 2131 2132 with grades of C or above. Structural and functional interaction of nucleic acids and proteins in the replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material. (On demandSpring )

BIOL 4229. Dendrology. (4) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L and 3229 with a grade of C or above. The identification, structure, function, ecology, reproduction, and evolutionary relationships of woody plants. Three lecture hours and one three-hour lab a week. (On demand)

BIOL 4233. Parasitology. (3) Prerequisites: BIOL 2120 and BIOL 2130 with a grade of C or above. Morphology, life cycles, ecology, taxonomy, and medical and economic importance of parasites. Three lecture hours a week. (On demand)

BIOL 4235. Mammalogy. (4) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L and BIOL 3272 or BIOL 3273 with a grade of C or above, or permission of instructor. Taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, and life histories of the mammals. Three lecture hours and one laboratory period of three hours a week. (On demand Every other fall)

BIOL 4242. The Biology of Birds. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 3144 with a grade of C or above or permission of department. Overview of general avian biology, including taxonomy and anatomy, but concentrating on behavior, ecology and conservation of birds. Focus will be on birds of the southeastern U.S. Three lecture hours and one laboratory period of three hours per week. (SpringOn demand)

BIOL 4242L. The Biology of Birds Lab. (1) Co-requisite: BIOL 4242. Meets for one three-hour period per week. The laboratory and field portion of the Biology of Birds will focus on field identification and inventory techniques, with an introduction to anatomy. Students will need binoculars. (SpringOn demand)

BIOL 4243. Animal Behavior. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2120 and BIOL 2130 with a grade of C or above. An ethological approach to how animals respond to their environment. Causation, development, and adaptive significance of behavior in social systems. (On demandFall)

BIOL 4244L. Conservation Biology Laboratory. (1) Pre-requisite: BIOL 2140L with a grade of C or above. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 4244. One laboratory period of three hours a week plus field trips. (On demand)

BIOL 4250. Microbiology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 3111 with a grade of C or above. Morphology, physiology, pathogenicity, metabolism, and ecology of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Aquatic, dairy, and food microbiology. (On demandSpring)

BIOL 4250L. Microbiology Laboratory. (1) (W) Pre-requisites: BIOL 2140L and BIOL 3111L with a grade of C or above. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 4250 with a grade of C or above. One laboratory period of three hours a week. Attendance mandatory for safety training. (On demandSpring)

BIOL 4251. Immunology. (3) Prerequisites: a grade of C or above in BIOL 3111 with a grade of C or above. Cellular, molecular and genetic basis for immunity; physical chemistry of antigens and antibodies and their interactions; defense mechanisms. (On demandSpring)

BIOL 4255. Bacterial Genetics. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 3166 with a grade of C or above or permission of department. Regulation of gene expression in bacterial systems. Bacteriophage genetics. DNA transfer in bacteria. (On demandSpring)

BIOL 4256. Pathogenic Bacteriology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 4250 with a grade of C or above. Cellular and molecular interactions of mammalian hosts with prokaryotic parasites. (On demandSpring)

BIOL 4256L. Pathogenic Bacteriology Laboratory. (1) (W) Prerequisite: BIOL 4250L with a grade of C or above. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 4256. One laboratory period of three hours a week. (On demandFall)

BIOL 4257. Microbial Physiology and Metabolism. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 4250 with a grade of C or above. Lectures in microbial metabolism and physiology, including such topics as bacterial nutrition, transport mechanisms, catabolism and energy production, biosynthesis, global regulation of gene expression. Three one-hour lectures per week. (On demandSpring)

BIOL 4259. Virology. (3) Prerequisites: BIOL 4250, BIOL 4250L, and CHEM 2132 with grades of C or above. BIOL 3166 or BIOL 4199 or BIOL 4250 with a grade of C or above. Morphology, classification, genetics, and pathogenicity of bacterial and animal viruses. (FallOn demand)

BIOL 4260. Population Genetics. (3) Prerequisites: BIOL 3166 and STAT 1221 with grades of C or above. The genetics of qualitative and quantitative traits in populations, including an assessment of the factors affecting the extent and pattern of the genetic variation in these traits. (On demand)

BIOL 4279. Neurobiology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 3111273 with a grade of C or above. Physiology and anatomy of nervous systems, especially mammalian. (On demand)

BIOL 4292. Advances in Immunology. (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 4251 with a grade of C or above.or permission of department. Current topics in immunology with particular emphasis upon the genetic systems and molecular mechanisms underlying immune reactions. Additional work required by graduate students. (On demand)

BIOL 4293. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. (4) Prerequisite: BIOL 2140L, BIOL 3111, and BIOL 3111L with a grade of C or above. Comparison of selected anatomical systems across vertebrates, with emphasis on evolution and functional analyses. Three hours of lecture and one laboratory period of three hours per week. (Spring On demand)

BIOL 4600. Senior Seminar. (1) (O,W) Prerequisites: BIOL major, sSenior standing, BIOL 3111, BIOL 3144, BIOL 3166, and either BIOL 3273 or BIOL 3272. Required course for all majors. Student presentation of oral and written reports from pertinent biological literature. Exit exam for biology majors will be administered. (Fall, Spring Summer)